gfdhfdh: 鉤蟲病患者常見的有哪些症狀表現_鉤蟲病的治療方法具體有哪些3

鉤蟲病患者常見的有哪些症狀表現_鉤蟲病的治療方法具體有哪些3


31 Oct 2025 at 05:03pm
  (1)甲苯咪唑(mebendazol):劑量每次100mg,每天2次,連服3天。驅鉤蟲的治癒率,因製品微粒大小而不同,微粒越小,療效越好,最高治癒率可達99%。一般蟲卵陰轉率為65%~90%。盡量不用於2歲以下嬰兒。近年來每次用200mg,1天2次,連服3~4天,蟲卵陰轉率為95%~100%。國內上海寄生蟲病研究所等8個單位共同觀察,連服4天,陰轉率為98%,提出延長療程可提高療效。

  (2)丙硫咪唑(albendazole):成人400mg頓服,10天後再重複給藥1次即可。 12歲以下兒童用量減半。對十二指腸鉤蟲的療效優於美洲鉤蟲。

  (3)左旋咪唑(levamisole):對十二指腸鉤蟲療效較好。連服3天為一療程。蟲卵陰轉率為80%~96%,美洲鉤蟲為5%~25%。目前,一些發展中國家將此藥列為驅十二指腸鉤蟲的首選藥。

  (4)噻嘧啶(pyrantelpamoate):

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劑量10mg基質/kg頓服,可連服3天,蟲卵陰轉率達95%以上;美洲鉤蟲為62%~80%。

  (5)合併用藥:甲苯咪唑加噻嘧啶;噻嘧啶加左旋咪唑合併療法可提高療效。

  此外,近來有報道伊維黴素(iverme-ctin)治療狗的重度鉤蟲感染,療效甚佳。在試管中能迅速殺死成蟲和感染期幼蟲。對臨床的應用於人體,尚得進一步研究。

  (1)皮膚透熱法:當鉤蚴鑽進皮膚後,約在24小時內有90%停留在局部,故可用此法將蚴蟲殺死,達到止癢目的。方法:把手足發癢的部位浸泡在50℃以上熱水中,如感太燙,稍歇數秒鐘再泡,約30分鐘左右,或用毛巾放在50~60℃熱水中,取出後呈半乾狀態,使之緊貼在皮膚炎部位,每半分鐘換一次,連續10分鐘。

  (2)局部塗2%~4%碘液,15%噻苯咪唑油膏,或5%硫黃爐甘石洗劑。

  症狀治療:鉤蟲病有貧血時應驅蟲同時補充鐵劑與高蛋白飲食。常用硫酸低鐵,每日3次,服用鐵劑時間宜長,以補足組織內貯鐵。少數口服鐵劑無法耐受者可給予肌肉注射鐵劑,如右旋糖酐鐵,首次為50mg,日後每日或間日註射100mg,兩側臀部肌肉交替注射。嚴重貧血伴隨胃酸缺乏可加服10%稀鹽酸或胃蛋白酶液。對臨產孕婦或貧血嚴重者,可在驅蟲前輸小量血或邊輸血邊驅蟲。

四、鉤蟲病該如何預防呢

  1.管理傳染源:在流行區,每年冬季進行普查普治。

  2.切斷傳播途徑:加強糞便管理,注意糞便無害化處理,禁止鮮糞施肥,採用高溫堆肥法,或用藥物殺滅糞內蟲卵,是預防本病的關鍵措施,不吃不潔生蔬菜,防止鉤蚴經口感染。

  3.保護易感人群:在易受感染的環境中勞動時,避免赤手裸足操作;此外,在皮膚上塗佈防護藥物,也有一定效果,防護藥物可酌情採用如下方法製備:白礬,1%碘酒,95%乙醇100ml,浸泡l~2天,濾過,乙醇l00ml,再加香15g,近來應用以下配方的松香乙醇,認為防護效果較可靠:95%乙醇1000ml,加松香200g,另取碘化鉀20g,加蒸餾水20ml溶解,加碘片20g,溶解後加入上述松香乙醇中,搖勻即成,在擬暴露皮膚上進行塗佈預防。



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