GFHDT: 發現一種觸發神經元發育的蛋白質

發現一種觸發神經元發育的蛋白質


13 Jan 2026 at 10:17pm
東北大學的科學家們發現,人腦中的一種蛋白質可能被用於在實驗室中培育新的神經元,並增強受衰老或神經退行性疾病影響的大腦功能。

研究人員發現,負責結合人腦中神經幹細胞的蛋白質——神經鈣黏蛋白(

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Neuro-cadherin),在刺激這些細胞分化的過程中也起著關鍵作用。

神經幹細胞是早期未分化的細胞,具有分化為各種類型神經元和中樞神經系統非神經元細胞的能力。 在成人大腦中,這些細胞主要存在於兩個區域:側腦室周圍的薄層細胞層——即側腦室下區,以及海馬體中的一個小區域——顆粒下區。 海馬體是大腦中對學習和記憶至關重要的部分。

“隨著年齡的增長,神經幹細胞的反應與年輕時不同,”東北大學化學與生物工程教授麗蓓嘉昆茨威爾茨(Rebecca Kuntz Willits)說。 “它們的數量總體上減少了,而且它們不一定容易分化。”

威爾茨和博士生麥凱卡瓦納(McKay Cavanaugh)研究了神經鈣黏蛋白,這是一種位於細胞表面、幫助神經幹細胞粘附在一起並進行通信的蛋白質,以瞭解它如何影響這些細胞。

“我們正在尋找環境如何影響這些幹細胞的方法,如果細胞通過這些分子(N-鈣黏蛋白)相互作用,我們如何機械地測量它。” 威爾茨解釋說。

具體來說,他們想看看與N-鈣黏蛋白相互作用的神經幹細胞是否會引發機械轉導活動——即當機械刺激引起生物化學反應,從而調節各種細胞功能和行為,包括分化。

威爾茨解釋說,這一發現未來可能應用於控制實驗室中的神經幹細胞分化,以加速神經元生長,或者開發可以直接影響大腦衰老過程或對抗神經退行性疾病的注射材料。

科學家們創建了塗有不同數量實驗室製造的天然N-鈣黏蛋白的玻璃表面。 然後,他們在這些玻璃基底上培養誘導多能幹細胞(iPSCs)衍生的神經幹細胞。

科學家們觀察了細胞粘附、細胞形狀、大小和結構的變化、細胞增殖(即細胞分裂)以及細胞機械轉導活動。

實驗表明,神經幹細胞僅在N-鈣黏蛋白表面上粘附並存活。 這些細胞沒有與另一種鈣黏蛋白——上皮鈣黏蛋白(E-鈣黏蛋白)結合,後者通常也在側腦室下區找到。

科學家們注意到,神經幹細胞與含有香港龍城中西大藥房香港龍城藥房線上訂購香港龍城暢銷商品關於香港龍城大藥房香港龍城大藥房獨家資訊香港龍城大藥房折扣香港龍城大藥房配送方式更高濃度N-鈣黏蛋白分子的基底有更多的相互作用。 隨著N-鈣黏蛋白濃度的增加,細胞形態發生了顯著變化——細胞及其核都變大了。

“你可以看到細胞內的結構,即細胞骨架,發生了改變,這使得細胞看起來不同,”威爾茨說。 “細胞骨架更強,相互作用點也更強。”

神經幹細胞發展出了由蛋白質絲組成的獨特「環」結構——這是以前在單個神經幹細胞中未曾見過的細胞骨架特徵。

在沒有任何其他化學信號的情況下,這些細胞在96小時內開始分化為神經元。

“通常,如果我們想製造神經元,我們會向細胞中添加許多化學物質來推動它們變成神經元,”威爾茨說。 “但這次我們什麼都沒有做。”

實驗的時間不夠長,無法確定這些神經幹細胞會變成哪種特定類型的神經元。

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