gfdhfdh: 逆流性食道炎的治疗方法是什么逆流性食道炎的有哪些临床症状2

逆流性食道炎的治疗方法是什么逆流性食道炎的有哪些临床症状2


26 Oct 2025 at 07:07pm
三、逆流性食道炎是什么原因引起的呢

 1.抗逆流屏障的破坏

  食道下端括约肌(LES)是在食道与胃交界线之上3~5cm范围内的高压区。该处静止压为15~30mmHg,构成一个压力屏障,扮演防止胃内容物反流入食道的生理作用。正常人腹内压增加能透过迷走神经而造成LES收缩反射,使LES压成倍增加以防GER。 LES压过低和腹内压增加时不能引起强力的LES收缩反应者,则会导致GER。胆碱能和β-肾上腺素激动剂药、α-肾上腺素拮抗剂、多巴胺、安定、钙受体拮抗剂、*及脂肪、酒精、*和吸烟等多种与食物因素均可影响LES功能,诱发GER。此外,在妊娠期、口服含黄体酮避孕药期和月经周期后期,血浆黄体酮浓度增高,GER的发生率也相应增加。

 2.食道酸廓清功能的障碍

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  正常食道酸廓清功能包括食道排空和唾液中和两部分。当酸性胃内容物逆流时,只需1~2次(10~15秒)食道继发性蠕动即可排空几乎所有的逆流物。残留于食道黏膜陷窝内的少量酸液则可被唾液(正常人每小时有1000~1500ml,pH为6~8的唾液经食道入胃)中和。食道酸廓清的功能在于减少食道黏膜浸泡于胃酸的时限,故有防止逆流食道炎的作用。夜间睡眠时唾液分泌几乎停止,食道继发性蠕动亦罕见有发生,夜间的食道酸廓清明显延迟,故夜间GER的危害更为严重。

 3.食道黏膜抗逆流屏障功能的损害

  当防御屏障受损时,即使在正常逆流情况下亦可致食道炎。研究发现,食道上皮细胞增生和修复能力的削弱是逆流性食道炎产生的重要原因之一。

 4.胃十二指肠功能失常

  (1)胃排空异常。

  (2)胃十二指肠逆流当幽门括约肌张力和LES压同时低下时,胃液中的盐酸和胃蛋白酶,十二指肠液中的胆酸、胰液和溶血性卵磷脂等均可同时反流入食道,侵蚀食道上皮细胞的角化层,并使之变薄或脱落。逆流物中的H+及胃蛋白酶则透过新生的鳞状上皮细胞层而深入食道组织,引起食道炎。

5.裂孔疝

  常见的是滑动疝气。食道胃接合部随胃体向上移位进入胸腔。胃体的上升使膈脚分开,裂孔扩大。疝气囊小时,随体位、用力及咳嗽而上下滑动。疝气囊增大后不再滑动,改变了裂孔附近的正常解剖关系,造成食道胃接合部闭合不全。胃的疝入使食道进入胃的His角消失,膈食道膜被拉长,变薄,腹段食道上移,使接合部的闭合功能进一步恶化。裂孔疝气的病人有半数以上发生逆流性食道炎。

 6.妊娠呕吐

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  因怀孕增加了腹内压力而发生的裂孔疝气会引起逆流性食道炎,但分娩后可以恢复,无须任何治疗。呕吐及长期呃逆也可使贲门口经常开放而发生逆流性食道炎,去除病因后可恢复正常。

7.其他疾病

  新生儿及婴幼儿在发育过程中,因有食道下括约肌功能不良而发生逆流,随幼儿发育,大部分可减轻。原发性食道下括约肌功能不良使关闭不全,及因器质性疾病如食道下段及贲门部肿瘤、硬皮症及各种造成幽门阻塞等,均能引起逆流性食道炎。

  因此,逆流性食道炎通常是逆流的胆汁和胃酸共同作用于食道黏膜的结果,而在胆汁引起食道损伤前,必先存在幽门和LES功能失调;逆流性食道炎者多伴有胃炎。滑动型食道裂孔疝气因常致LES及幽门功能失调而易并发本病;十二指肠溃疡多伴以高胃酸分泌而易致胃窦痉挛与幽门功能障碍,故并发本病也较多。肥胖、大量腹腔积液、怀孕后期、胃内压增高、烟酒药物等因素均可诱发此病。



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