zxcvb: 痛風分四期,各期必須掌握的治療要點匯總

痛風分四期,各期必須掌握的治療要點匯總


10 Aug 2023 at 09:53pm
痛風是由於長期嘌呤代謝障礙、血尿酸升高引起的以高尿酸血症、反復發作性關節炎、痛風石等為主要臨床表現的一類常見風濕疾病。患者以男性居多,約佔90%~95%。高尿酸血症,尿酸鹽晶體沉積,形成痛風石,是產生痛風的基礎。痛風患者的自然病程及臨床表現,大致可分為四期,各期的用藥都有所區別。

痛風

1、無症狀的高尿酸血症期

高尿酸血症是指非同日兩次空腹血尿酸水平男性高於420μmol/L,女性高於360μmol/L。很多高尿酸血症患者可以終生不發生明顯症狀,成為無症狀的高尿酸血症,只有5%~12%的患者有痛風的發作。需要注意的是,血清尿酸鹽濃度越高,持續時間越長,發生痛風和尿路結石的機會就越大。此時,應以調整生活方式為主。

2、急性痛風性關節炎發作期

急性痛風性關節炎是痛風最常見的首發症狀。起病急驟,多在半夜發作,因劇痛而驚醒;數小時內症狀可發展至高峰。關節及周圍軟組織可見明顯紅、腫、熱、痛。累及大關節時可出現關節滲液,還可伴有頭痛、發熱等全身症狀。

好發於下肢關節,大多數患者首發於蹠趾,其次為踝、膝、腕、肘等。初次發作通常只影響單個關節,反復發作可致受累關節增多;四季均可發病,以春、秋兩季居多。關節局部的損傷如腳扭傷、飲酒、受冷、受濕和感染等都可能成為發作誘因。此時,應以抗炎對症為主。

3、痛風發作間歇期

痛風發作持續數天至數周可自行緩解,關節活動犀利士犀利士藥局犀利士價格犀利士ptt犀利士5mg犀利士學名藥犀利士副作用犀利士藥效犀利士購買Cialis犀利士官網



可完全恢復,僅留下炎症區域皮膚色澤改變等痕跡。之後進入無症狀的間歇期。多數患者1年內復發,此後每年發作1次或數次,部分患者有越發越頻的趨勢,逐漸引起慢性關節炎和關節畸形。此時,應以降尿酸為主。

4、慢性痛風石性關節炎期

尿酸盐在关节内沉积增加,形成尿酸盐结晶引起周围组织慢性排斥性炎症,最终形成结节状。若炎症发生时间很长,可因反复发作,进入慢性阶段而不易完全消失,引起关节僵硬畸形,活动受限,并可破溃形成瘘管;在慢性病变基础上仍可有急性炎症的反复发作,致使病情加重,畸形逐渐显著,严重影响关节功能。

此外,尿酸鹽結晶可在關節附近肌腱、腱鞘等組織中沉積,形成黃白色、大小不一的痛風石。結節初起質軟,隨著纖維組織增生質地逐漸變硬。在關節易磨損附近的結節表面很薄,易破潰形成瘻管,可見白色豆腐渣樣物排出。此時,要謹慎手術

Comments


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