gfdhfdh: 高血壓腦出血的護理方法有哪些高血壓腦出血是什麼原因引起的

高血壓腦出血的護理方法有哪些高血壓腦出血是什麼原因引起的


25 Oct 2025 at 09:57pm
一、如何照顧高血壓腦出血的病人



 一、休息、活動指導

  1.急性期應絕對臥床休息(4-6週)不宜長途運送及過多的搬動,翻身時應保護頭部,動作輕柔得體,以免加重出血。

  2.神智不清,躁動及合併精神症狀者,加護欄並適當約束,防止跌倒。

  3.抬高床頭15-30?,減少腦的血流量,減輕腦水腫。

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  4.昏迷病人平臥,頭側臥位,取下活動性假牙,以防誤吸,確保呼吸道通暢。

  5.生命徵象平穩後應開始在床上、床邊、下床的主動訓練,時間從5-10分鐘/10次開始,漸至30-45分鐘/次,如無不適,可作2-3次/日,不可過度用力憋氣。

二、出院指導

  1.避免情緒激動,去除不安、恐懼、憤怒、憂慮等不利因素,保持心情舒暢。

  2.飲食清淡,多吃含水量、含纖維素的食物,多食蔬菜、水果、忌煙、酒及辛辣刺激性強的食物。

  3.避免重體力勞動,堅持做保健體操,打太極拳等適當的鍛煉,注意勞逸結合。

  4.復健訓練過程艱苦而漫長(一般1-3年,長者終生)需要信心、耐心、恆心,在復健醫師指導下,循序漸進、持之以恆。 [醫學教育網蒐集整理]

  5.定期測量血壓,回顧病情,及時治療可能併存的動脈粥狀硬化,高血脂、冠狀動脈心臟病等。

三、心理指導

  1.急性期病人生命危重,家屬十分著急,應主動

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與家屬詳細解釋病情及預後,消除其緊張焦慮心理,告之合理安排,陪護及探視,保持病室環境安靜的重要性,減少一切不良刺激,使其樹立信心,積極配合搶救與治療。

  2.恢復期病人常因生活不能自理而出現悲觀、憂鬱,在進行功能性運動時,往往有急於求成的心理,應正確引導病人循序漸進,持之以恆,確保情緒穩定。

四、飲食指導

  1.急性期病人給予高蛋白、高維生素、高熱量(2300-2800卡/日)飲食。

  2.限制鈉鹽攝取(少於3g/日)因鈉滯留會加重腦水腫。

  3.食物溫度適宜,過熱可能燙傷口腔黏膜,過冷易致腹瀉,影響吸收。

  4.對於尚能進食者,餵食飲食物時不宜過急,遇嘔吐或反嗆時應暫停休息,防止食物嗆入氣五、管引起窒息或吸入性肺炎。



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