zxcvb: 沒有保價的快遞出了問題,怎麼賠

沒有保價的快遞出了問題,怎麼賠


3 Mar 2024 at 02:53pm
【光明說法】

  

  目前我國已成為名副其實的快遞大國。發達的郵政快遞業對支撐帶動網路零售發展起著無可取代的作用,也為人們的日常生活帶來了極大便利。但在快遞服務中也難免會出現因快遞企業自身原因導致快遞毀損或遺失的現象,進而引發矛盾糾紛。

  通常來講,當寄件人對快遞予以保價時,快遞企業會依照保價規則進行賠償。但是,當寄件人未對寄件保價時,有的快遞企業則會以無法證明寄件價值為由,拒絕或減輕賠償。當官司打到法院,裁判標準也不盡一致。有的法院認為,寄件人與快遞企業之間存在貨物運輸合約關係,郵件遺失或損壞是快遞企業的違約行為,快遞企業應依照合約法,依照寄件實際價格賠償。有的法院則認為,寄件人與快遞企業之間存在郵政服務關係,依據郵政法第47條,在寄件未保價的情況下,快遞企業的最高賠償額不超過所收取快遞資費的3倍。法院裁判出現不同結果,主要是在快遞服務合約的性質上有不同認知。因此,釐清快遞企業與寄件人

液態威而鋼雙效威而鋼一想就硬華佗神丹三體牛鞭保羅V8印度學名藥cenforce

必利勁poxet必利吉p-force日本藤素海狗丸韓國奇力片樂威壯汗馬糖

之間的法律關係成為當務之急。

  快遞寄件遺失或毀損所引起的民事糾紛,應適用契約法

  我國在1986年制定郵政法時,幾乎沒有快遞業務,郵政法只規定郵政普遍服務,沒有提及快遞服務。隨後的快遞服務是在郵政普遍服務以外自然形成的。快遞企業以民營企業為主,他們與寄件人簽訂快遞服務合同,向寄件人收取快遞費並提供快遞服務,屬於典型的商事活動。相應地,快遞服務合約也是典型的商事合同,快遞企業有顯著的營利性,快遞服務不具有公共性或公益性。隨著快遞服務業快速發展,國家為促進和規範快遞服務業,決定由郵政主管機關行使政府監管權。2015年修改郵政法並專章規定了“快遞服務”,明確了郵政主管部門監管普遍郵政服務和快遞服務。

  然而,將快遞服務納入郵政法調整主要是為了便於監管,而不是為了處理民事糾紛。快遞服務關係是快遞公司和寄件人之間形成的合約關係。我國合約法雖未採用「快遞服務合約」的稱謂,但快遞服務與貨物運輸是在性質上最相類似的兩類合約。在解決快遞服務合約糾紛時,應適用合約法總則的規定,並可參考運輸合約的規定。事實上,國務院2018年《快遞暫行條例》第27條也明確規定,快件延誤、遺失、損毀或內件短少的,對保價的快件,應當按照經營快遞業務的企業與寄件人約定的保價規則確定賠償責任;未保價的快件,依民事法律的相關規定決定賠償責任。可見,我國法律和行政法規均將快遞服務視為民事活動,在處理相關民事糾紛時,應主要適用合約法而非郵政法。

  寄件是否保價,快遞企業均應全額承擔賠償責任

  快遞服務應準時快捷,及時且安全地將寄件交付至收件人。寄件發生滅失或毀損,直接損害了客戶的安全保障權,快遞企業應當全額承擔賠償責任。即使寄件的滅失或毀損被視為是侵權所造成​​的後果,快遞企業同樣應當全額承擔賠償責任。即只要發生寄件滅失或毀損,快遞業者都難辭其咎。

  針對未保價寄件發生的毀損或滅失,有人認為,應參照郵政法關於郵件毀損滅失的賠償規則,由快遞企業按照不高於快遞費3倍的數額予以賠償。筆者認為,這種看法不符合法律規定。郵政法基於郵政普遍服務的特性,明文規定郵政企業“按照不高於郵資三倍的數額進行損害賠償”,但也規定“郵政普遍服務業務範圍以外的郵件的損失賠償,適用有關民事法律的規定」。換言之,郵政業者也要依據民事法律規定,對於郵政普遍服務以外的寄件滅失和毀損承擔全額賠償責任,而絕非均參考郵資倍數予以賠償。

  需要指出,保價寄件發生毀損和滅失的,快遞

世界三大約會強暴藥GHBFM2DDK迷姦粉催情水日本淑女剋星精華素一滴銷魂

卡宴春藥金蒼蠅美國黑金美國黑魔英國威馬印度神油JOKER2H2D

企業同樣應負全額賠償責任。部分顧客選擇保價,一方面,是有助於減少寄件毀損滅失後的處理難度,避免與快遞企業在損害發生後糾纏不清,提高爭議解決效率;另一方面,支付寄件保價有提示快遞企業謹慎作業的功效。寄件人支付保價的目的,不是為了免除快遞企業的責任,如果僅要求快遞企業按照快遞費一定倍數進行賠償,賠償金額可能遠低於寄件真實價值,從而難免誘發快遞企業及其人員的道德風險。

  法院既要合理分配舉證責任,又要形成合理的損失計算方式

  筆者認為,是否選擇保價,是寄件人自主決定和選擇的事項,不應成為快遞企業免除違約或侵權責任的理由。即使寄件人未選擇保價,也不能免除快遞企業的全額賠償責任。然而,知易行難,各方在計算寄件毀損滅失的損失金額時,存在巨大分歧。有的寄件人以寄件貴重為由漫天要價,快遞企業則以寄件人無法證明寄件價值為由,試圖全部免責。因法律規定相對模糊,當事人的利益爭執最終演化為法院裁判時的尷尬。筆者認為,如果當事人形成明確約定,即應尊重其自主的意思表示,無論結果是否於其有利,都應堅持契約精神,不能隨意毀約。若當事人無明確約定,則應關注寄件人舉證、快遞企業舉證及公平計算損失三個主要問題。

  首先,寄件人應舉證與快遞企業之間存在快遞服務關係,避免出現詐欺索賠等現象。寄件人應盡力保存寄件及其價值的相關證據,包括交易價格單據、快遞單號、寄件交付快遞企業的照片,甚至快遞員通話錄音等,以證明寄件的價值及快遞企業簽收的事實,否則,應承擔舉證失敗的不利後果。

  其次,快遞企業應提供從接收寄件到毀損或滅失發生的“全流程證據”,包括快遞人員向倉庫移交寄件、寄件在快遞企業內部的流轉信息、寄件從倉庫轉交快遞人員的交接手續、寄件發生毀損或滅失的作業節點及時間等。我國快遞業已普遍採用電腦作業方式,並實現了全程資訊化管理,完全具備查清寄件毀損或滅失原因的技術條件,如果快遞企業拒不提供相關信息,則應作出對快遞企業不利

康藥本鋪春藥壯陽藥持久液增大丸犀利士威而鋼樂威壯必利吉必利勁

Viamax增大丸Maxman增大丸goodman增大丸增大軟膏法國綠騎士日本夜狼

的解釋。

  最後,在計算損失金額時,應依照寄件的性質和「可預見」規則,分別採用不同的計算方式。對於商品類寄件,主要依照寄件人在快遞單上申報的商品和數量,採用中等品質的標準來決定。對於文件類寄件的價值計算,國內外均未形成普遍適用的規則,目前可以秉持撫慰客戶和協助減損的兩項原則予以處理。即快遞企業向寄件人支付適當撫慰金並提供相關證明或協助,以最大限度減少寄件人的損失。

Comments


  • 20 Aug 2023 at 04:34am
    When i ordered on your web page on the other hand setting concentration simply somewhat minor submits. Rewarding technique for near future, We are book-marking whenever get men and women down comes up available. ikaria lean belly juice
  • 21 Aug 2023 at 11:29pm
    Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read anything similar to this just before. So nice to find somebody with original ideas on this subject. realy we appreciate you starting this up. this fabulous website is one thing that is required online, a person with some originality. beneficial job for bringing interesting things for the internet! Kerassentials
  • 23 Aug 2023 at 12:27am
    Cool sites… [...]we came across a cool site that you might enjoy. Take a look if you want[...]…… SIGHT CARE REVIEWS
  • 23 Aug 2023 at 11:43pm
    Oh my goodness! an excellent article dude. Thanks a lot Even so I’m experiencing problem with ur rss . Do not know why Struggle to register for it. Can there be any person finding identical rss issue? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thnkx honey burn
  • 27 Aug 2023 at 11:26pm
    i like to search the internet for new kitchen gadgets to add to my kitchen;; forex
  • 29 Aug 2023 at 11:31pm
    Props for this kind of a superb post, keep up your fantastic work. 아찔한달리기
  • 3 Sep 2023 at 12:36am
    An impressive share, I simply with all this onto a colleague who had previously been performing a small analysis within this. And hubby actually bought me breakfast since I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to debate this, I’m strongly about it and adore reading more on this topic. If it is possible, as you become expertise, does one mind updating your blog site with increased details? It is actually highly helpful for me. Huge thumb up because of this short article! 티비몬
  • 10 Sep 2023 at 03:38am
    It’s hard to search out educated people on this topic, but you sound like you realize what you’re talking about! Thanks software lottery defeater review
  • 13 Sep 2023 at 12:12am
    Its for these reasons it happens to be improved that anyone can helpful test earlier than building. It will be possible to write more piece of writing like this. ikaria lean belly juice for sale
  • 18 Sep 2023 at 11:11pm
    Hey. Very nice web site!! Guy .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionally…I’m happy to find numerous helpful info right here in the article. Thanks for sharing. Islamabad escort
  • 20 Sep 2023 at 11:19pm
    I like the way you conduct your posts. Hmm… verhuislift haarlem
  • 25 Sep 2023 at 09:40pm
    the surround sound systems like dolby can really make the home theater sounds super great“ The hidden wiki
  • 8 Oct 2023 at 02:18am
    It truly is moreover a great write-up which i undoubtedly relished reviewing. It may not be specifically day-to-day which i build an opportunity to get whatever. อาหารท้องถิ่น
  • 10 Oct 2023 at 10:54pm
    Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read something like this before. So good to find someone with some authentic ideas on this subject. realy thanks for starting this up. this website is one thing that is wanted on the net, somebody with a little originality. helpful job for bringing one thing new to the web! ปลาวาฬ ใหญ่ ที่สุด ใน โลก
  • 17 Oct 2023 at 11:53pm
    Just wish to say your article is as amazing. The clearness in your post is simply nice and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the enjoyable work. 소액결제 현금화 하는법
  • 29 Oct 2023 at 04:47am
    when it comes to beautiful smile and beautiful teeth, Rachel McAdams have it all` 신용카드 현금화

Add comment


Guest are not allowed to add blog comments. Please sign in.

Rate


Your rate: 0
Total: 0 (0 votes)

Tags